By Kenji Sumida
For nearly forty years, the East-West Center has played a key role in shaping the interaction between policymakers, professionals, educators and students in Asia, the Pacific and the United States.
The Center is a unique national educational and research institution whose primary objective is to bring peoples of the region together to study, give and receive training, exchange ideas and views, and seek solutions to common problems and issues. Here, they establish lasting bonds of friendship that are essential to mutual understanding and cooperation among the diverse countries and cultures in Asia and the Pacific.
Since its founding in 1960 almost 45,000 students and professionals have participated in East-West Center programs. Today, many of these EWC alumni play influential roles in promoting international dialogue and cooperation in the region, assisted by the experience and relationships with each other that were gained at the EWC. In addition, the Center's publications, education and training programs, and policy-oriented research contribute to thoughtful regional decision-making and problem-solving.
With emphasis on cooperative and collaborative study, training, research and dialogue, the Center focuses on the causes and consequences of the increasing economic and cultural integration of the Asia-Pacific region. Programs address real-world issues and contribute to and promoteregional cooperation and responsible development.
Center research programs provide effective people-to-people activities that include conferences, seminars, training projects and other meetings that bring scholars, students, government officials, business executives and others from the region to the East-West Center. As they jointly address common regional challenges and opportunities, they maintain the academic quality, expertise and connections in Asia and the Pacific that collectively have been the cornerstone of the Center's status and reputation in the region.
In the United States, the Center's education and outreach programs to introduce and expand teaching about Asia and the Pacific in U.S. elementary and secondary schools as well as colleges and universities. These are the only nationwide programs of their kind. In Hawaii, working in partnership with the State Department of Education, the Center has trained more than 7,000 educators from 153 schools. The Asian Studies Development program, in partnership with the University of Hawaii, works with educators in 45 states through 14 regional centers located in colleges across the United States. These programs received $1.2 million in new private sector grants in fiscal year 1996.
The Center also promotes U.S. economic interests by supporting the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) effort to increase market and investment access and to develop fair rules for the conduct of trade, and by working directly with the region's nations and organizations to improve the institutional infrastructure for trade and investment.
Center efforts include research work with several APEC technical groups, support for the U.S. Consortium of APEC Study Centers, and research on the potential for APEC cooperation in such areas as intellectual property protection, science and technology cooperation, and anti-trust policies. The Center also has helped develop economic cooperation agreements between the U.S. and ASEAN, a market of more than 400 million people, and is currently identifying the Asian market for U.S. clean coal technology.
The Center builds U.S. and Asian cooperation on issues of critical regional and global importance. These issues include economic and political problems, growing and changing populations, the rapidly rising Asian demand for resources, environmental protection, and the spread of HIV.
In this report, we present examples of our research, education and training, and outreach activities. I am happy to report on the diverse and growing support for the East-West Center, a necessary ingredient for the Center's future. To all of you, I wish to extend my deep appreciation for your contribution to the ideals that will sustain us.
We will continue to serve the region by doing what we do best: bring people of the region together to enhance mutual understanding and personal relationships that bridge national and cultural boundaries. The people who share the East-West Center experience and continue to promote understanding and cooperation are the Center's greatest legacy.
East-West Center programs concentrate on the causes and consequences of the increasing integration of the Asia-Pacific region and the effects on its economic, social and cultural systems. Researchers focus on critical real-world issues emerging from the Asia-Pacific region's rapid development and population growth and the impact on urban and rural communities, resources and the environment. They work closely with government officials, researchers and private sector specialists throughout the region on projects which contribute to and promote regional cooperation and responsible development. Multinational teams identify problems and trends and make research findings available to policy makers. Following are highlights of 1996 research projects, conferences and publications.
GLOBALIZATION & REGIONALIZATION
A study on "The Multilateral Trading System in a Globalizing World" continued to explore how regionalism can be reconciled with multilateralism, how former socialist countries can be integrated within the framework of the New World Organization, and how the multilateral trading system will have to evolve in a rapidly globalizing world. Researchers such as F.M. Scherer of Harvard, John H. Jackson of the University of Michigan, and Anne O. Krueger of Stanford augment the EWC Regional Economics and Politics staff with their expertise in this multi-year effort. An international conference on these issues in August attracted more than 40 experts from the region.
THE NORTHEAST ASIA ECONOMIC FORUM
Deliberations at the 6th Northeast Asia Economic Forum meeting in January at the Center focused on the eroding institutional, cultural and ideological impediments that continue to constrain full cooperation in this region, composed of North Korea, South Korea, Northeast China, the Russian Far East, Mongolia and Japan. The North Korean representatives were the first from that country to participate in a non-governmental academic conference in the United States since the North Korean nuclear proliferation crisis. The EWC created and developed the Forum in 1990 to promote dialogue and stimulate economic cooperation. The Forum secretariat is based at the East-West Center, and its chairman is Lee-Jay Cho, EWC executive vice president for economic and technical interchange. Participants are leaders in business, government, academia, and international organizations from throughout the region. Forum priority issues include the economic climate and business opportunities in developing Northeast Asia; transportation and communication infrastructure; discussion of a natural gas grid for Northeast Asia; development of financial infrastructure, including a possible Northeast Asia Development Bank; and advantages and opportunities in special economic zones, including the Tumen River area.
NEW DIMENSIONS IN SECURITY
Building regional institutions and processes for cooperation and dialogue was the focus of the 3rd Asia-Pacific Senior Seminar, "New Dimensions in Security: Prospects for Cooperation and Dialogue." Participating were senior policy makers, defense officials and academic researchers from 20 countries. Sessions dealt with security in the post-Cold War era, economic trends and issues, region-wide issues and processes such as emerging regional institutions, arms issues and confidence-building measures, and non-traditional security issues. Speakers included Harry Harding of the Elliot School of International Affairs, George Washington University; Robert A. Scalapino of the Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California at Berkeley; Jusuf Wanandi of the Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Jakarta; Marcus Noland of the Institute for International Economics, Washington, D.C., and Muthiah Alagappa of the East-West Center. The sponsors were the East-West Center, Pacific Forum CSIS, and the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies. Richard Baker, senior fellow, EWC Program on Regional Economics and Politics, was the seminar coordinator.
THE PACIFIC ISLAND WAY OF DEVELOPMENT
"Creating meaningful employment opportunities for our growing youthful population throughout the Pacific islands region is a critical challenge in light of our own limited resources, transport and communication problems." This was among the challenges posed by Fiji Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka, who chaired the 5th Pacific Islands Conference of Leaders in July in Fiji. The heads of 21 Pacific island governments convened to review the research of the EWC Pacific Islands Development Program (PIDP) and to set the research agenda for the next three years. The PIDP is the secretariat and research arm of the Conference's Standing Committee. The delegates also placed emphasis on promotion of entrepreneurship, health and education initiatives, and the private sector as the engine of growth. Fiji President Ratu Sir Kamisese KT Mara observed that "We here in the Pacific have our own traditions, our own forms, our own needs and our own aspirations. If we stand by those and build on them, the developments we achieve, while perhaps not so spectacular, will be more lasting, and in the popular buzz word of the day, more sustainable."
ASIA'S THIRST FOR OIL
By the end of this decade, the Asia-Pacific region is set to overtake the United States as the largest oil user in the world. During the rest of the 1990s and the early 21st century, Asian crude production will be unable to satisfy the ever-growing regional oil demand, and net oil import requirements will continue to rise, according to Fereidun Fesharaki, director of the EWC Program on Resources. The result will be a major increase in oil import dependence, especially on crude oil from the Middle East. Fesharaki projects that the region's overall oil import dependence is expected to rise from 59 percent in 1995 to 66 percent in 2000, 72 percent in 2005, and 77 percent by 2010. Currently the Mideast accounts for about 51 percent of all crude use in the region. By the next century, Fesharaki says, more than 90 percent of all imports will originate in the Mideast, resulting in much closer political and economic ties between Asia and the Middle East.
NORTH KOREA'S ECONOMIC POTENTIAL
North Korea's Rajin-Sonbong free trade zone is an economic life line, because if it fails, the nation might well sink, according to Mark J. Valencia, senior fellow in the EWC Program on Regional Economics and Politics. From almost nothing when the zone was declared, there is now a state-of-the-art telecommunications system, a modern hotel and helipad, and an electrified railway system to both the Chinese and Russian borders. But the zone lacks basic infrastructure such as paved roads, an airport, and adequate water supply for heavy industry, Valencia says. As of September 1996 there were a total of 34 companies in the zone with an investment value of about US$85 million, plus agreements for investment totaling some US$270 million. Success in this zone could be contagious and encourage North Korea reformers to lobby for opening up other areas, says Valencia.
HAZARDOUS WASTE PROBLEMS
Waste minimization to mitigate pollution problems before they begin was a major focus at the conference of the Pacific Basin Consortium for Hazardous Waste Research, held in Alberta, Canada. David Nelson of Enviro-Search International voiced concern that hazardous waste problems in Asia are worsening. "Virtually everywhere I went (in recent travel), I heard and saw horror stories of hazardous waste problems," he said. "Many of these are not known to others beyond the immediate problem or geographic areas. Some of these are 'world class' hazardous waste disasters, rivaling anything I have seen in Central or Eastern Europe." The East-West Center's Program on Environment serves as the secretariat of the Consortium, which is composed of researchers, policy makers and industrialists from 18 nations. The Consortium was established in 1988 to speed the conduct of research and its application to reduce cost and improve the effectiveness of managing hazardous waste. Other sessions at the conference dealt with turning hazardous waste lagoons into reclaimed land for wildlife management, priorities for toxic wastewater management, decontamination of spills, and a risk-based approach to resource re-use and recycling.
AN ALTERNATIVE TO COAL POWER
Coalbed methane is a little recognized but potentially major clean energy option that could play an important role in supplying clean gas to cities in China and India, where the largest deposits exist, according to Charles Johnson, senior fellow in the Program on Resources. All large coal deposits contain methane, which is often the cause of mine explosions and loss of life. There is a long history of efforts to recover coalbed methane for safety reasons, but there has been little success in recovery for household use and power generation. Recent breakthroughs in technology and operating procedures, particularly in the United States, are causing major oil and gas companies to explore worldwide for this new energy source. Johnson says the coalbed potential in China of up to 1,000 trillion cubit feet far exceeds China's conventional natural gas potential. An added benefit: methane is the second most important contributor to greenhouse gas, therefore, commercial recovery has the potential to reduce the rate of global warming.
A NEW TELECOMMUNICATIONS PARTNERSHIP
The East-West Center joined with the Pacific Telecommunications Council and the International Space University of Strasbourg, France to organize a new telecommunications and space research center based in Hawaii. The focus will be on professional development, research, and development in the areas of telecommunications, information and space applications, says Meheroo Jussawalla, EWC senior fellow emerita and a founding organizer of the new center. The founders' conference at the EWC attracted policy makers, governmental officials, and academic and industry representatives from the Asia-Pacific region and Europe. Projected research topics include trends in mobile and satellite telecommunications, the impact of satellite television, and the future of tele-medicine and tele-education. The official name of this collaborative project is the International Space University-Center for the Asia-Pacific.
CHANGES IN THE FAMILY
As the countries of East Asia enter the ranks of mature industrial economies, their leaders are increasingly concerned that family patterns may be undergoing changes that the West has experienced. These include strains for family members due to demands of the workplace, changes in family relations created by women's increasing demands for equality and respect, and a perceived breakdown of cooperation and help between generations. A new collaborative study coordinated by the Program on Population, and partially funded by the Center for Global Partnership of the Japan Foundation, is examining whether dominant East Asian cultural traditions (which emphasize strong loyalty to the family, a sharp division of labor between husbands and wives, and filial piety of younger toward older generations) will prevail as economic and social conditions change. Headed by Fellow Minja Kim Choe, the study is analyzing household surveys taken in Japan, South Korea and the United States between 1988 and 1994. One finding relates to the low birth rate in Japan. Researchers found that many young adults have a negative attitude toward marriage and that those who marry often delay it until their late 20s. Approximately one-third of them said they do not plan to have children or are uncertain whether they want to. In contrast, the survey in the United States showed that nearly 90 percent of young adults plan to have children eventually.
NUCLEAR POWER IN ASIA
Asia is one of the few areas in the world that is still building a large number of nuclear power plants. Much attention has focused on North Korea's plans for a modern nuclear power system, but there is serious doubt whether the country's aging and poorly maintained infrastructure can handle a modern nuclear power plant, according to research by Ronald E. Hagen, fellow in the EWC Program on Resources. Because North Korea lacks computing facilities, power is mechanically dispatched, using the services of telephone and telexes. This results in unreliable and untimely services that are subject to frequent voltage fluctuations and system failures, and nuclear power plants could suffer frequent trippings that could damage generating plant equipment. Nuclear power production requires a large, well monitored and disciplined grid. The effective size of North Korea's grid is ambiguously placed at 7,000 megawatts, and interregional power transfer capabilities appear to be limited, Hagen says. "The new reactors might be too big for the grid they are to serve. North Korea's largest domestic transmission lines are reported to be in the 220 kilovolt range, with a large share of transmission lines of 110 kV and less. This essentially makes the power system a local one rather than a grid system." Hagen says it would take considerable funds, over and above the $5 billion cost for the new nuclear plant, to develop an efficient power system, and the prospects for this degree of additional foreign investment are nil."
COORDINATING ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
The EWC Program on Environment, as part of its collaborative relationship with the Japan Environment Agency, is helping to create mechanisms to coordinate environmental policies among Asia-Pacific governments. The project on regional environmental policy making conducts policy studies for the ECO ASIA Conference, an annual meeting of ministers of environment in the region. In May, the ministers heard a report on land degradation in tropical Asia by A. Terry Rambo, director of the EWC Program on Environment. This report will be incorporated in the ECO ASIA submission to the next United Nations General Assembly as part of the forthcoming global assessment of sustainable development.
RESPONSE TO THE AIDS EPIDEMIC
The Center's AIDS Project focuses on building the knowledge base and local capacity to produce an expanded response to the epidemic throughout the region. This project, headed by Tim Brown, fellow in the Program on Population, brings together researchers, program managers, and policy makers from around the region to study the problems created by HIV and AIDS, explore solutions, and develop strategies to implement those solutions. The goal is to improve HIV estimates, projections, and impact assessments; improve sexual risk assessments in the region, and promote regional public and private sector responses. EWC researchers in collaboration with the Thai National Economic and Social Development Board, the Ministry of Health, and Thai researchers have played a key role in modeling the Thai epidemic and providing Thai policy makers with estimates of impending impacts needed to improve the national response. A study of the impacts of HIV on children, done with the Program on AIDS of the Thai Red Cross Society, was the basis of Southeast Asia workshops to encourage early action to protect children from HIV and is being used by UNAIDS as a central document in planning the international response. Officials also have access to studies and syntheses of risk behavior, sexually transmitted diseases, commercial sex, and adolescent sexuality done in collaboration with institutions from the region, including the Philippines, Thailand, Nepal, Taiwan, Laos and India. Over the last three years, AIDS Project training programs and seminars have involved national program staff from more than a dozen Asia-Pacific nations.
POPULATION AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
For the 27th straight year, professionals responsible for applied and basic research in the population field as well as the design, implementation and evaluation of population and health programs throughout the region met in June 1996 at the East-West Center for the intensive Summer Seminar on Population. Over the years, more than 1,600 persons from every Asian and Pacific nation have taken part in the Seminar's technical and policy workshops on a wide variety of topics. The program is conducted by EWC Program on Population staff, joined by experts from throughout the world, and is designed to provide exposure to cutting-edge ideas and methods. Equally beneficial has been the opportunity for professionals to establish relationships with their counterparts in other countries. The Program on Population is at the center of a lively network of Asia and Pacific and U.S. research organizations and professionals. One result is numerous South-to-South research, training and interchange initiatives. Important multi-country research activities have originated in the Summer Seminar, and ties created in part through the Seminar led to establishment of the Association of National Census and Statistical Directors in the region, which brings members together to examine data collection and utilization issues. The East-West Center houses the organization's secretariat. Through such networks, the Summer Seminar has played a critical role in ensuring that the countries of Asia and the Pacific have among the best run and most technically advanced statistical and demographic capabilities in the world. EWC Senior Fellow Peter Xenos is the Summer Seminar coordinator.
MAINTAINING BIODIVERSITY
Action to conserve biodiversity is in progress on several fronts by the EWC Program on Environment. Except for a few urban centers, most near-shore coral reef ecosystems of the Pacific islands have never been assessed in terms of biodiversity values, threats and conservation priorities. Senior Fellow James E. Maragos heads a project to assess the situation, establish a network of monitoring sites, train islander scientists and government officials on monitoring and assessment techniques, and design a network of protected marine and coastal areas. In Asia, Senior Fellows Michael R. Dove and Jefferson Fox and Director A. Terry Rambo are collaborating with institutions in Indonesia and the Philippines on a project to help local communities maintain biodiversity. A workshop held in Java focused on how to measure and value biodiversity in both natural and man-made environments.
House Concurrent Resolution 189 for their role in establishing the Pacific Islands Conference of Leaders and in research furthering the region's trade, environment and development. The resolution was introduced in the House by Benjamin A. Gilman (R-New York), Doug Bereuter (R-Nebraska), Eni F.H. Faleomavaega (D-American Samoa) and Howard Berman (D-California).
The topics of East-West Center research conferences and training workshops ranged from the regional energy outlook and international trade to environmental preservation and health policy. Following is a sampling of 1995-96 meetings. If you would like additional information, contact the coordinator listed. Phone: 808-944-7111, Fax: 808-944-7376, or E-Mail ewcinfo@ewc.hawaii.edu
REGIONAL COOPERATION:
MULTILATERAL TRADING . . . Third conference of an EWC project on globalization and regionalization, begun in 1994 in collaboration with the Korea Development Institute in Seoul. Participants explore how the multilateral trading system must evolve in a rapidly globalizing world, how regionalism can be reconciled with multilateralism, and how former socialist countries can be integrated within the framework of the New World Trade Organization. (Lee-Jay Cho)
APEC REGIME CREATION . . . Workshop on the evolution and institutional development of APEC, political and military dynamics, Asia-Pacific trade patterns and regimes, foreign direct investment, intellectual property protection, and competition policy issues. Sponsored by EWC and the University of Washington APEC Study Center. (Charles Morrison)
LAND REFORM . . . Conference on the land reform process in post-communist countries, including Chinese urban land management options during the move to market, successes and failures of Vietnam's land reform, the privatization process of land in the new unified Germany, and a tentative reform blueprint for the unified Korean land system. Sponsored by the EWC and the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements. (Lee-Jay Cho)
ASIAN CONCEPTIONS OF SECURITY . . . Conference in Singapore to examine how security is conceived by central decision-makers, key common features and differences, and whether one or more distinctly Asian conceptions exist. Participants were from Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Indonesia, India, Thailand, Singapore, South Korea, Australia, Japan, China, England, France, Germany and the United States. The project's first phase is funded by the Ford Foundation, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund and the Center for Global Partnership. (Muthiah Alagappa)
DYNAMICS OF GATT . . . Examination of the final features of the Uruguay Round GATT Agreement and their effects on agricultural and industrial policies in the Asia-Pacific region. Estimation and evaluation of the most likely effects of the agreements on prices, exports and imports, economic performance, income distribution, rural-urban migration and the environment. Sponsor: University of Hawaii/East-West Center Collaborative Research Program. (Manuel Montes)
NEW LEADERS . . . Members of the House of Representatives of Indiana and Missouri, a Ministry of Homes officer from Singapore, a vice governor from the Philippines, and members of the Thailand and Malaysia Parliaments were among participants in the East-West Center's fifth New Generation Seminar. The program's emphasis is on Asia-Pacific community building. It is designed to identify younger leaders before they have achieved their full potential, strengthen their understanding of regional developments, and increase their contacts with counterparts in the region, thus making them more effective and internationalized leaders. Three of the past participants have become cabinet members in their respective countries. (Charles Morrison)
ENERGY:
INDONESIAN ENERGY OUTLOOK . . . Forum in Houston, Texas on recent and projected developments of the Indonesian government's energy and minerals policy, with top Indonesian ministry officials and key executives from Indonesia state-owned and U.S. energy-related companies and the Indonesian private sector. Speakers included the U.S. secretary of energy and the Indonesia minister of mines and energy. (Fereidun Fesharaki)
ENERGY EFFICIENCY and CONSERVATION . . . Meeting of the APEC Natural Gas Industry Energy Technology Liaison Group at the EWC. Members examined options to help economies to take advantage of opportunities, solve problems and promote and facilitate the application of energy-efficient technology. (Fereidun Fesharaki)
POWER PLANT STANDARDS . . . Members of the APEC Atmospheric Emission Study Task Team reviewed a draft report on environmental standards for power plants in APEC member economies. Sponsored by the EWC Program on Resources and the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy. (Charles Johnson)
CHINA OIL . . . Fereidun Fesharaki, director of the EWC Program on Resources, was co-chair of the China Petroleum Conference 1996 in Beijing. He spoke on China's oil industry in the 21st century. Kang Wu, EWC fellow, discussed upgrading and expansion of China's refining industry.
LATIN ENERGY FINANCE . . . A forum on financing oil, gas and power projects in Latin America, to provide insight on how multilateral, bilateral and commercial financiers decide to finance projects. Organized by the East-West Center, in association with The Conference Connection, Inc., the Institute for the Study of Earth and Man (ISEM - Southern Methodist University), and the International Association for Energy Economics. (Kang Wu heads the Latin America Energy Project, which publishes the Latin America Oil & Gas Monitor.)
THIRD INTERAMERICAN PETROLEUM CONFERENCE . . . Covered Latin America and the world oil market, upstream oil industry partnerships and privatization outlook, refining in Latin America, changing relationships with host countries, risk management in Latin America, and the role of U.S. oil companies in developing Latin American petroleum resources. Organized by the East-West Center in association with ISEM and the Conference Connection. (Fereidun Fesharaki)
MIDDLE EAST OIL & GAS . . . New developments that are re-shaping the dynamics of worldoil markets were the focus of the Fourth Middle East Petroleum and Gas Conference in Bahrain. The conference brought together key decision makers from major international and regional companies as well as governments to discuss evolving political, economic and petroleum trends in the Middle East and their impact on the world market. Conference Chairman Fereidun Fesharaki of the EWC notes that global oil demand remains robust with expected growth of 1 million to 1.5 million barrels per day in 1995 and 1996. Asia continues to be the engine of oil demand growth with 7 million bpd of new demand to be generated over the next decade. (Fereidun Fesharaki)
POPULATION & CULTURE:
HEALTH POLICY . . . The East-West Center's Program on Population in collaboration with the Department of Health in Taiwan conducted a workshop to survey basic issues and provide professional training in health policy and economics. Topics included the growing proportion of the elderly in several Asian societies, the rising incidence of HIV/AIDS, and changing economic conditions which place increasing pressure on health-care systems in the region and highlight the need for efficient and equitable health-care delivery systems. (Gerard Russo)
POPULATION RESEARCH . . . The EWC Program on Population conducted workshops on geographic information systems for policy research in population, health and environment (Griffith Feeney) and on communicating population and health research to policy makers (Sidney Westley) during its 27th Summer Seminar on Population.
SOCIAL CHANGE IN THE CHINESE FAMILY . . . Analysis of family care for the elderly, the status of support from sons and daughters, urban elderly life, household chore division and the relationship between spouses, and differences of attitude between generations. Collaborating institutions: EWC, the University of Michigan, Beijing University, and the China Research Center on Aging. Major funding: a grant from the Luce Foundation, with supplementary funds by the Ford Foundation. (Wang Feng)
ADOLESCENT SEXUALITY . . . Regional workshop in the Philippines to train a group of Asian government statisticians on the methods of designing a large-scale survey of adolescent sexuality. (Peter Xenos)
INTERNATIONALIZATION FORUM . . . Exploring leadership in international settings to become agents of change across countries, cultures and professional domains. Sponsored by the EWC Program on Education and Training. (Larry E. Smith)
CONFUCIANISM AND HUMAN RIGHTS . . . Second in a series of conferences focusing on 20th century issues, including advocacy of popular rights, human rights and civil society; how Confucian teachings may enhance the understanding of human rights in the modern world, and new challenges of modernization and technology to the understanding and practice of human rights. (Larry E. Smith)
ENVIRONMENT:
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT . . . Training workshop in Vietnam on social science concepts and research methods for Vietnamese researchers and policy makers involved in the management and development of Vietnam's mountainous areas. (A. Terry Rambo)
ENVIRONMENTAL LINKAGES . . . Semi-annual workshop of scholars in Asia, North America and Europe studying the impact of East-West relations on global environmental issues. The network addresses the fact that environmental movements and problems cut across national boundaries, but research typically does not. (Michael Dove)
LAND DEGRADATION . . . Scientists and researchers from China, Hong Kong, Japan, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and the United States analyzed case studies of land degradation in tropical Asia to prepare a final report on problems of land use to be presented to Asian environment ministers. (A. Terry Rambo)
ASIA'S ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENTS . . . Representatives of New Zealand, Taiwan, South Korea, Thailand, Indonesia and the United States examined the origins of environmental movements, the social, political, economic and cultural conditions that permit them to develop, whether movements have achieved their objectives, and to what extent they have changed the public's perception and behavior. (Yok-shiu Lee)
SOUTHEAST ASIA DEVELOPMENT TRENDS . . . Regional symposium in Chiang Mai, Thailand for government, NGO and academic researchers and practitioners on environment and development issues in the upland areas of Thailand, Yunnan Province of China, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam and Cambodia. Organized by a consortium of research groups from the six countries and international institutions. (A. Terry Rambo)
MEDIA & COMMUNICATIONS:
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY . . . Conference in Washington, D.C. on information technology in the Asia-Pacific region, with specialists from Thailand, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Indonesia and the United States. Cosponsors: EWC and the Special Libraries Association. (Meheroo Jussawalla)
U.S.-KOREA JOURNALISTS FORUM . . . Focus on news media coverage of the reopening of North Korea by 12 senior journalists. A cooperative project of the EWC Media Program and the Korea Press Center. (Webster Nolan)
TELEVISION CO-PRODUCTION . . . America-Japan Producers Seminar. Twelve senior television producers from the United States, Japan and Canada met to discuss cultural and technical issues in broadcasting programs in their respective countries and develop ways to cooperate more closely in producing television programs. Sponsors: EWC, NHK (Nippon Hoso Kyokai) and International Business Communications. (Webster Nolan)
A MARITIME REGIME FOR NORTHEAST ASIA, by Mark J. Valencia, Oxford University Press, 1996.
For the past half century, the political environment in Northeast Asia has inhibited multilateral cooperation in ocean management. But with the end of the Cold War and the coming into force of the Law of the Sea Convention, the region has an opportunity to develop and implement regimes for the cooperative management of shared seas and resources. Valencia provides a framework for developing multilateral regional marine policy coordination. The book establishes the context for marine regionalism in Northeast Asia, examines the advantages and disadvantages of such a regime for each of the region's states, and formulates regimes for marine environmental protection and fisheries management.
"Maritime issues are generally only a ripple in the great ebb and flow of economic and political relations in Northeast Asia," says Valencia, senior fellow in the EWC Program on Regional Economics and Politics. "But many national frontiers are now maritime in nature, and islets that are only flyspecks on the map can be elevated to symbols of national pride and integrity. Indeed some maritime issues may be so critically situated in time or substance via-a-vis the balance of much greater issues that they could act like a rogue wave which significantly disturbs political relations in the region, particularly if you consider the tenuous or even hostile relations between most of the states in the region and the likelihood of petroleum in disputed continental shelf areas."
MARINE AND COASTAL BIODIVERSITY IN THE TROPICAL ISLAND PACIFIC REGION, Volume 1, Species Systematics and Information Management Priorities. Edited by James E. Maragos, Melvin N. A. Peterson, Lucius G. Eldredge, John E. Bardach, and Helen F. Takeuchi. East-West Center Program on Environment.
Edited papers and proceedings of the East-West Center workshop on that topic. Topics include the status of species systematics for key animal and plant taxa inhabiting nearshore marine and coastal habitats in Oceania, the status of biodiversity information management systems being developed for or applicable to Oceania, and formulation of an action plan for biodiversity management to assist in marine and coastal conservation and sustainable development. Keynote address on "Marine Biodiversity at Risk" by Sylvia A. Earle, president, Deep Ocean Research and Exploration, Oakland, California.
MANAGING FOREIGN INVESTMENT: LESSONS FROM LAOS and MANAGING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE: A PRACTITIONER'S HANDBOOK, by Russell B. Sunshine, published by the East-West Center.
Companion volumes for host-government policy makers and administrators and development assistance agencies and advisers on how to attract and manage foreign investment. Sunshine, a former EWC fellow, served as project manager of the U.N. Development Programme's Lao Foreign Investment Advisory Project and as resident foreign investment adviser to the Lao government in 1991-93. The campaign in the early 1990s attracted over $1 billion in foreign investment from 30 countries to a landlocked nation of only 4 million persons. Sunshine addresses management principles and problems, the root causes of those problems, and tested solutions. He presents a case study of a major technical assistance project and offers examples of management strategies successfully applied in the field.
THE IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH ON WELL-BEING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. D. A. Ahlburg, A. C. Kelley, and K. Oppenheim Mason. 1996. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
This book is a revision of the report from an independent inquiry into the impact of population growth on well-being that was commissioned by the Government of Australia in 1994 during a period when their overseas assistance for population programs in developing countries was under internal political attack. The inquiry was headed by Professor Ahlburg with Karen Oppenheim Mason of the EWC and Professor Kelley serving as senior advisors. Andrew Mason of the EWC was an author of one of the inquiry's chapters. As a result of the inquiry report, AUSAID funding for overseas assistance to population programs was reinstituted by the Labor government.
Other publications of note:
COMMUNICATIONS & CULTURE
ENERGY
ENVIRONMENT
PACIFIC ISLANDS
POPULATION
Educational opportunities at the East-West Center are designed both for students and for professionals specializing in Asia-Pacific Affairs. The Center, in cooperation with the neighboring University of Hawaii, supports undergraduate and graduate study. Other programs provide training for elementary and high school teachers and college and university educators to broaden teaching about Asia and the Pacific.
Larry E. Smith is director of EWC education and training.
EDUCATION
TRAINING
Asian Studies Development Program:
ASDP is a faculty development program that works to expand teaching about Asia in American colleges and universities. More than 150 colleges in 45 states have sent teams of faculty to ASDP summer institutes, Asian field study programs, and workshops on the U.S. mainland. In the last year, ASDP established an on-line, full text Internet/World Wide Web data base of Asian studies material, including course syllabi, bibliographies and other instructional documents in virtually all fields of the humanities, social sciences and business.
Fourteen colleges and universities across the country have taken on the responsibilities of serving as ASDP regional resource centers that work with neighboring higher education institutions to expand Asian studies.
Established in 1991, ASDP is a joint program of the East-West Center (co-director Elizabeth Buck) and the University of Hawaii (co-director Roger T. Ames), two institutions that together constitute the largest national resource for Asian studies in the United States. In addition to EWC funding and UH resources, ASDP has received support from the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Fulbright-Hayes Group Travel Abroad Program, the Japan Foundation (through Morgan State University), the Henry Luce Foundation and the Freeman Foundation. The program collaborates with several national education associations and calls on the services of outstanding Asian scholars in organizing institutes and workshops.
Consortium for Teaching Asia and the Pacific in the Schools:
The focus of CTAPS is on developing teaching and leadership skills to infuse more Asian and Pacific content into kindergarten through 12th grade classrooms in the United States. CTAPS, a cooperative project between the EWC and the Hawaii State Department of Education, was initiated in 1988. It has received national recognition as a model program for educational planning and development.
In Hawaii, CTAPS has trained more than 7,000 educators from 153 schools and has reached more than 70,000 students. In addition to the central curriculum resource library at the Center, 11 leadership teams across the state have established Asia-Pacific resource collections. To date, 140 educators have participated in CTAPS travel study programs to China, Indonesia, Japan and the South Pacific. Each program includes intensive pre-trip orientation sessions and post-trip development of curriculum lesson plans.
The program's development strategy calls for disseminating relevant aspects of the model program developed in Hawaii to school systems on the U.S. mainland. More than 300 educators from Hawaii, 15 mainland states, and several Asian and Pacific countries have attended the annual CTAPS Summer Institute. In addition to other funding sources, CTAPS recently received a major grant from the Freeman Foundation for Southeast Asia field study programs and U.S. mainland workshops. Elizabeth Buck is the coordinator of CTAPS.
The Center conveys analysis of major issues, results of research, and cultural awareness to a wide range of audiences in government, business, education and the news media through publications, briefings, conferences, workshops, visual and performing arts, and other dissemination activities.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS. The East-West Center Special Report, Environmental Problems in China: Estimates of Economic Costs, by Visiting Fellow Vaclav Smil, came off the press just as U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher announced that environmental problems would be a greater focus of U.S. foreign policy. Later in the month, amid badly strained U.S.-China relations, officials of both countries met at the White House and announced that the need to cooperate in addressing China's environmental problems was so great that it "transcended" politics.
As these events unfolded, requests for copies of the report came from the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Wall Street Journal, the Los Angeles Times, the Christian Science Monitor, and Reuters. Other requesters included the General Accounting Office, Dupont Corporation, the Joint Military Intelligence College, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Energy, the Environmental Protection Agency, Sandoz Pharmaceutical, and Carnegie Mellon University. and many others. In addition, the Council of Scientific Society Presidents requested permission to announce the report to its membership.
NATIONALISM, APEC & MIGRANTS. Like EWC Special Reports, AsiaPacific Issues papers provide concise, timely analysis from Center experts and their network of professional colleagues about issues facing the Asia-Pacific region. Papers this year examined three key issues:
As in past years, more than 2,500 individuals and institutions--members of Congress and Asia-Pacific policy makers, as well as leaders in journalism, education, scholarship and business--asked to receive Issues papers and Special Reports, which are also excerpted in major media outlets, used in university courses, reprinted by nonprofit and government agencies for educational purposes, and announced electronically in the United States and throughout the world.
CHIEFS & MAJORITIES. "Contemporary Issues in Asia and the Pacific," the EWC-supported book series published by Stanford University Press, accepted two more manuscripts for publication. They are: Chiefs Today: Traditional Pacific Leadership and the Postcolonial State, edited by Geoffrey White and Lamont Lindstrom, and Making Majorities: Composing the Nation in Japan, China, Korea, Malaysia, Fiji, Turkey, and the United States, edited by Dru Gladney.
Elisa Johnston is the EWC publications manager.
The EWC Office of Public Affairs publishes Specialists on the Asia-Pacific Region, a source and contact booklet for journalists on Center researchers and their areas of expertise, in addition to providing journalists throughout the region with news advisories and background material on Center research and analysis of major issues. Following is a sampling of EWC news coverage during the year.
Wall Street Journal
"With total Asian demand likely to grow by seven million barrels a day in fewer than 10 years, the region after the turn of the century will dethrone North America as the world's biggest oil consumer, says Fereidun Fesharaki of the East-West Center." -- "Saudis Maneuver to Enhance Oil Income."
"'Foreign investors are currently playing a waiting game; they won't go into China if it means they will lose money, but they want to give the impression they are engaged because they are waiting for the policy to change,' says Kang Wu, who follows China's refining industry from Honolulu's East-West Center. -- "Demand for Refineries Is High in China.
Far Eastern Economic Review
"Now is a perfect time for the countries involved in South China Sea disputes to settle on an interim solution. It would set aside questions of formal sovereignty over the region's reefs and islands, but resolve how to use the maritime resources beyond claimants' exclusive economic zones. The catalyst for change is China's May 15 announcement of its ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea." -- Mark J. Valencia in his piece for The 5th Column, "How to Carve Water."
"As James Dorian, who heads the East-West Center's Central Asia and Caucasia energy and minerals project, explains, the Soviet Union turned off the tap on Mongolia's modest oil industry in 1965 because it didn't want competition for Siberia." --"Black Gold: An American Oil Company Has Hit Pay Dirt in Mongolia."
Newsweek Magazine
"China's harsh crackdown on criminals is a deliberate effort by leaders to show strength when China is unstable both politically and economically." -- Dru Gladney of the EWC.
Fortune Magazine
"Even though (China's) oil production has risen to more than three million barrels a day, demand overtook that two years back, and the gap is growing wider, according to the East-West Center. The projected shortfall by the year 2005: two million barrels a day." -- "Outlook: Your Last Big Play in Oil."
Manila Chronicle
"A host of influences are finding their way into the thinking and character of today's youth -- modern values, new forms of entertainment, peer pressure, technological changes and a much-transformed physical and social environment. In spite of these, religion, along with family, remains an important influence in molding young people's attitudes and behavior." -- Peter Xenos, EWC Program on Population.
Associated Press
"In an editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine, Dr. Bruce Weniger of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta and Dr. Tim Brown of the East-West Center in Honolulu said one key to Thailand's success is government recognition of the AIDS threat. 'The other is the acknowledgment that prostitution cannot be eradicated and that it is necessary to work with those involved in an overt, nonjudgmental way to reduce the role of commercial sex in HIV transmission.'" --"Thailand Condom Campaign Cuts New HIV Cases in Half."
Washington Times
"'We are seeing a shift from the generation of Japanese leaders who knew the MacArthur years firsthand to a generation that has less hang-ups about dealing with the U.S.,' said Charles Morrison, a foreign affairs specialist at the East-West Center in Hawaii. 'They look at the potential threats from North Korea and China and see the need to maintain a close security alliance with the United States. In other areas, such as trade, they see the need to be tough with the United States."' -- "Japan Takes 'Iron Lady's' Advice on Forcefulness." "Even regular visitors (to Asia) are stunned by the scope and pace of change. But the full significance of this development is incompletely recognized in the United States. Pacific Asia is actually going through several fundamental and interconnected transitions -- in economics, society, politics, regional organization and leadership. These transitions offer huge benefits, but they also pose real dangers if the region's governments cannot handle the challenges." -- in a piece by Richard Baker of the EWC.
Honolulu Star-Bulletin
"Nuclear energy is thriving in Asia despite the fact that in much of the world its development has stopped or slowed. Ronald Hagen of the East-West Center notes that Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, China and India plan to expand their already substantial nuclear power programs." --Editorial: "Nuclear Accident."
Reuters
"'The center of gravity of the world oil market is the Middle East. There is excitement about finds in China and Latin America but all the oil is here,' said Fereidun Fesharaki of the East-West Center." -- "Experts Foresee Larger Role for Mideast Oil in Next Decade."
Christian Science Monitor
"'In many instances where island are disputed, oil and gas deposits are hypothetical at best. But the Chinese have conducted exploratory drilling in the Senkakus and found something every time,' says Mark Valencia, a specialist in maritime issues at the East-West Center in Honolulu." -- "For Oil, Fish, Pride: More Nations Whip Up Squalls Over Tiny Isles."
Journal of Commerce
"Charles Morrison of the East-West Center in Honolulu said Kim Il Sung's status as a war hero who fought to liberate Korea from Japanese colonial rule sets him apart from his son. 'The son doesn't have those credentials. A lot of people don't realize that North Korea made economic progress under Kim Il Sung. There has been no progress under Kim Jong Il.'" -- "Defections May Signal Heightened Military Threat from N. Korea."
Honolulu Advertiser
"More than 50,000 students, scholars, and others have gone through the East-West Center over the years. Aside from the particular skills and knowledge they have gained or shared, they also developed a common bond. It's a bond that pays off over and over again for the United States and for its Asian allies. It's a bond that is just as fruitful in peace as it was during the dark days of the Cold War." -- Editorial: "East-West Center Must Fight for Recognition."
International Herald Tribune
"Fereidun Fesharaki said he expected to see East Asia begin importing 'substantial amounts of North Sea oil in the next year or two because the demand is there' . . . Despite the fact that it takes more than three times as long and costs twice as much to ship oil from the North Sea to Singapore as it does from the Middle East, Taiwan's China Petroleum Development Corp. has started to buy Norwegian oil on a regular basis. Mr. Fesharaki said that other Asia refiners were expected to follow as West African oil production and prices peaked, making the economics of North Sea supply attractive." -- "Asia Looks to Norway for Oil Diversity."
The Australian
"Apart from New Zealand and Australia, the one place in the world where you'll find some people with clout who actually know and care about the South Pacific is Hawaii. Indeed, with the University of Hawaii's South Pacific studies program and the splendid East-West Centre it is a natural, perhaps the only source of South Pacific buffs with access where it counts." -- Greg Sheridan, foreign editor, writing in The Australian.
Business Times (Singapore)
"In light of the huge amounts of financing and technical assistance Northeast Asia will require the limited volume of financing that can be provided by private investors, existing international financial institutions, and foreign assistance, the logic and need for a development bank specifically for Northeast Asia is inescapable." -- Mark Valencia, "A Development Bank for Northeast Asia?"
Bangkok Post
"The study (by Tim Brown of the EWC and Persist Sittitrai of the Thai Red Cross) shows that counselling services are inadequate at many hospitals and many counsellors are overburdened or poorly trained to deal with the psycho-social distress associated with HIV." -- "AIDS: the Impact on Women and Children."
Japan Times
"Far removed from Washington, the 2,000 students, researchers and other professionals who participate in the Center's programs conduct 'interchange' through conferences, seminars, training programs, research projects, publications and group living. A general consensus prevails at the Center that face-to-face friendships transcend boundaries." -- "East-West Center Is a Hub of Friendship."
Dallas Morning News
"'There will be a lot of hemming and hawing about non-OPEC production, but at the end of the day they'll roll existing production quotas over,' said Fereidun Fesharaki, an oil analyst and director of resources programs at the East-West Center in Honolulu." -- "A Winter of Discontent: OPEC Faces Dilemma on Output."
Asian Wall Street Journal
"Charles E. Morrison of the Honolulu-based East-West Center says the record (of APEC) is all the more impressive considering that many governments were reluctant to get involved in any such endeavor as recently as the mid-1980s. 'However,' he says, 'the question remains whether APEC can successfully translate its many activities into a work program that has significant meaning for the real economies and daily lives of people' in the region." -- "Time for APEC to Deliver."
Los Angeles Times
"'Iraqi oil could flow in as soon as 90 days after an agreement is reached with the United Nations,' said Fereidun Fesharaki of the East-West Center." -- "Oil for Food: Iraqi Exports Would Feed Hungry, but Traders Are Wary."
John H. Williams is the EWC public information officer.
The Center provides analysis of Asia-Pacific issues to government officials, corporate executives, and the general public through briefings, seminars and special programs.
ASIA-PACIFIC BREAKFAST BRIEFINGS.
Speakers at these monthly sessions, co-sponsored by the Bank of Hawaii, included W. Robert Warne, president of the Korea Economic Institute of America, on "Korea's Economic Prospects," and Dennis Ortblad, EWC diplomat in residence, on "Beyond Japan 'Bashing' and 'Passing'--Japan's Key Economic Role in Asia and Implications for U.S. Business." Presentations by EWC researchers included "Demographic Change and its Economic Impact: Implications for the Pacific Community" by Griffith Feeney, Program on Population; "Critical Investment, Economic and Political Issues of the Former Soviet Union and China" by James P. Dorian, Program on Resources; "The Rise of Chinese Nationalism: Implication for China's Domestic and International Relations" by Dru C. Gladney, EWC Education and Training; "Economic Impact of Demographic Change in the Asia-Pacific Region" by Andrew Mason, Program on Population; "The U.S. and APEC: The Road to Subic Bay" by Charles Morrison, EWC APEC Study Center, and "Family Change in Asia: Where Is it Going?" by Karen Oppenheim Mason, Program on Population.
OFFICIAL VISITORS
The East-West Center conducts comprehensive briefings for U.S. government officials and diplomats visiting the region on official business, en route to postings, or participating in fact-finding missions. In 1995-96, East-West Center specialists met with and conducted briefings for 75 official visitors including the U.S. ambassadors to China, Thailand, Brunei, Fiji, and Marshall Islands; the commanding general of the U.S. Army-Pacific; and key staff members of the U.S. House of Representatives International Relations Committee.
The Center's Arts Program continued its educational outreach, with increased emphasis on collaborative projects with other institutions in the region. Audiences for the performances, exhibitions, and educational lecture-demonstrations exceeded 15,000.
A major project, "Enduring Spirit of Cambodian Dance," brought together performer/teachers from Cambodia and the United States for workshops, public concerts, lecture-demonstrations in the schools, research, and video documentation. This project illustrated to several thousand persons how the Khmer dance legacy has helped move Cambodians beyond the past three decades of devastation and turmoil to a period of renewal and resurgence of cultural pride.
The EWC Gallery hosted the first-ever U.S. exhibition of Shwe Gyi Do -- the exquisite traditional tapestries of Meaner. This initiative prompted two Burmese to write books (one in English, one in Burmese) on the tapestries, and also to organize a nationwide U.S. tour. Other EWC exhibitions included a comprehensive collection of Melanesia art, and photography of the Chamorro people of Guam.
In April, the EWC and the University of Hawaii at Manoa co-hosted a major arts festival--Asia Fest Manoa--which drew 5,000 participants, including delegates from the Association for Asian Studies annual convention. Other performing groups presented or cosponsored by the EWC Arts Program included music and dance of China, Korea, Africa, Brazil, the Southern Philippines, and Japan.
William Feltz is the Arts Program coordinator.
Programs for print and broadcast journalists include the eight-week Jefferson Fellowships, now entering their 30th year, an annual week-long American-Japan Television Producers Seminar, and the three-day Korea-U.S. Journalists Conference. Inaugurated in 1996, in partnership with the Vision 2047 Foundation, was the Hong Kong Journalism Fellowship, a week-long field study in Hong Kong for six senior American journalists, preceded by a one-day workshop at Stanford University. The program also conducts the annual Chaplin Fellowship in Distinguished Journalism, which features a major address by an eminent editor, writer or news executive.
U.S. news organizations that sent journalists to take part in EWC media programs during the year included ABC News, Agence France-Presse, Associated Press, Business Week, Discovery Channel, Los Angeles Times, National Public Radio, the NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, USA Today, and U.S. News & World Report.
Participating news organizations from Asia and the Pacific included the Fiji Television Network, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK), The Hindu of India, New Straits Times of Malaysia, South China Morning Post in Hong Kong, Xinhua News Agency of China, and six daily newspapers in South Korea.
A fundamental operating principle of the media program is transnational, transcultural dialogue among participating journalists, with the long-term goal of promoting better understanding of the region's complex issues and cultures among their millions of readers, viewers and listeners. More than 300 writers, editors and producers have participated in the Center's Media Program.
The program also formed an advisory committee of media executives from throughout the region. Members are: Mary G. F. Bitterman, President and CEO, KQED-TV-FM, San Francisco;
Dennis A. Britton, Editor-in-Chief and Executive Vice President, The Denver Post; George Chaplin, Co-Founder, Jefferson Fellowships, Honolulu; Sid Davis, International Broadcasting Bureau, U.S. Information Agency; James Fallows, Editor, U.S. News & World Report, Washington, D.C.; Susan Harmon, Board of Directors, Public Radio International, Dallas, Texas;
Stephen Hess, Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution, Author of "International News and Foreign Correspondents," Washington, D.C.; Robert Hewett, Founding Director, Jefferson Fellowships, San Francisco; G. S. Kundapur, General Manager, The Press Trust of India, Mumbai (Bombay);
Richard Leonard, Former Chairman, International Press Institute, Former Editor of The Milwaukee Journal; Richard J. Meyer, President and CEO, North Texas Public Broadcasting, Dallas; Rena Pederson, Vice President and Editorial Page Editor, The Dallas Morning News;
John Simpson, Editor, USA Today International Edition, Arlington, Virginia; Susan Stamberg, Special Correspondent, National Public Radio, Washington, D.C.; Eric Swanson, Executive Director, Radio and Television News Directors Foundation, Washington, D.C.; Crocker Snow Jr., President and Editor-in-Chief, World Times, Boston; Thomas Winship, Chairman, International Center for Journalists, Washington, D.C.; Diane Ying, Editor and Publisher, CommonWealth Magazine, Taipei, and Yu Jiafu, Secretary General, Organization of Asia-Pacific News Agencies, Beijing.
Webster Nolan is the Media Program director.
The East-West Center Foundation was established in 1982 to expand and enhance support for the work of the East-West Center from individuals, corporations and foundations. Private resources make possible educational and research projects and new initiatives not covered by the Center's core funding from Congress. This past year the Foundation received $277,172 in gifts and grants.
The Annual membership campaign provides unrestricted support to a wide range of Center programs and projects. Unrestricted gifts support Center research, expand outreach, and improve the quality of East-West Center students' lives. Unrestricted funds provide the flexibility to initiate new projects as opportunities arise. Last year, donors in Hawaii and around the world contributed $163,974 in unrestricted support through the East-West Center Foundation's annual membership campaign. Members of the East-West Center Foundation received timely and pertinent analyses, reports, and publications as well as invitations to special events, lectures and briefings.
In response to the East-West Center's 1995 Congressional budget reduction, the East-West Center Foundation revitalized its effort to provide support to the East-West Center. An infrastructure assessment was conducted and a Case Statement/Statement of Need was produced. The Foundation is implementing an annual major gift and planned giving program as part of its overall strategy to assist the Center in diversifying its base of support.
Karen Knudsen, director of public affairs, also coordinates the EWC Foundation activities.
FRIENDS OF THE EAST-WEST CENTER
The Friends of the East-West Center was established as a nonprofit support organization in 1962. Its membership comprises several hundred prominent members of the Hawaii community. The Friends members provide volunteer support which includes sponsoring a host family program for Center students; providing ticket refunds to students who attend cultural events in the community; administering the Mary Morgan Hewett Journalism Endowment funds and awards; maintaining reading materials such as country newspapers of Asia and the Pacific for participants; coordinating tours of the Center; and sponsoring monthly public lectures featuring distinguished speakers. In 1996, the Friends became full members of the National Council for International Visitors and assumed the responsibility of arranging professional appointments for participants in USIA's International Visitor Program. Last year the Friends of the East-West Center arranged programs for 51 international visitors with specialists at the EWC and the Hawaii community.
EAST-WEST CENTER ASSOCIATION
In the past 36 years more than 43,000 men and women from Asia, the Pacific and the United States have participated in East-West Center programs. They continue to promote the Center's mission and expand its outreach into the region.
Many are members of the East-West Center Association, which was established in 1977 to represent the alumni and to support the Center's work in promoting better relations and understanding in the region. The organization now has 32 chapters.
The EWCA executive board consists of 12 alumni from throughout the region, elected by the membership. The EWCA, with the Associates Office, organized a two-day Chapter Leaders Workshop in June. Eleven alumni leaders from nine key chapters met with the Board of Governors, President Kenji Sumida and other staff. Leaders were briefed on the latest developments at the Center and discussed ways to revitalize chapters in support of EWC and alumni goals. They also discussed country-specific fundraising strategies, income-producing short-term training workshops, and other initiatives. All non-Hawaii members paid for their travel expenses.
Members of the EWCA also initiated a fundraising campaign to join the Board of Governors in raising funds for the Center's development program. The EWCA, along with the EWC Participants Association, conducted a letter-writing campaign to key members of the U.S. Congress throughout the year emphasizing the importance of the Asia-Pacific region and the key role the Center plays in strengthening relations between and among the United States and the countries of Asia and the Pacific.
Gale Awaya is the EWC alumni officer.
Board Chair
Ko-Yung Tung
Senior Partner
Chairmman, Global Practice Group
O'Melveny & Myers
New York
Board Vice Chair/Chair-Elect
The Honorable George R. Ariyoshi
Of Counsel
Watanabe Ing & Kawashima
Honolulu, Hawaii
Appointed by the Governor of Hawaii:
Lyn F. Anzai
Senior Counsel
Bishop Estate
Honolulu, Hawaii
Joan M. Bickson
Regional Director
Budget Rent-A-Car
Honolulu, Hawaii
Lawrence M. Johnson
Chairman and CEO
Bancorp Hawaii, Inc.
and Bank of Hawaii
Honolulu, Hawaii
Wayne T. Miyao
Senior Vice President
Retail Banking Division
City Bank
Honolulu, Hawaii
Appointed by the Secretary of State:
Richard L. Collins
President
Collins and Company
Arlington, Virginia
The Honorable Thomas S. Foley
Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld
Washington, D.C.
Ralph J. Gerson
President and CEO
Guardian International Corp.
Auburn Hills, Michigan
Susan L. Shirk
Director
Institute on Global Conflict
and Cooperation
Univ. of California, San Diego
LaJolla, California
Elected Members:
Ronnie C. Chan
Chairman, Hang Lung Group
Hang Lung Development Co., Ltd.
Hong Kong
Mahn-Je Kim
Chairman & CEO
Pohang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd
Seoul, Korea
Yotaro Kobayashi
Chairman and CEO
Fuji Xerox Company, Ltd.
Tokyo, Japan
Kara Puketapu
Managing Director
Maori International, Ltd.
Wellington, New Zealand
Ratan N. Tata
Chairman
Tata Industries Limited
Mumbai, India
Ex-Officio Members
The Honorable John P. Loiello
Associate Director for
Educational & Cultural Affairs
U.S. Information Agency
Washington, D.C.
Kenneth P. Mortimer
President
University of Hawaii
The Honorable Benjamin Cayetano
Governor, State of Hawaii
President
Kenji Sumida
Vice President for Administration/Treasurer
Myrna Nip
Executive Vice President for Economic and Technical Interchange
Lee-Jay Cho
Vice President for Educational and Cultural Interchange
Bruce Koppel
Corporate Secretary
Carleen Gumapac
Fereidun Fesharaki, Director
Program on Resources: Energy and Minerals
Sitiveni Halapua, Director
Pacific Islands Development Program
Andrew Mason, Director
Program on Population
A. Terry Rambo, Director
Program on Environment
Larry E. Smith, Director
Program on Education and Training
__________________________________
Karen Knudsen, Director
Office of Public Affairs
Chair
Jusuf Wanand
Executive Director
Centre for Strategic and
International Studies
Jakarta, Indonesia
Narongchai Akrasanee
Chairman and CEO
General Finance & Securities
Public Co., Ltd.
Bangkok, Thailand
Felipe Alfonso
President
Asian Institute of Management
Metro Manila, Philippines
Chan Heng Chee
Ambassador to the United States
Embassy of Singapore
Washington, D.C.
Kim Kyung-won
President
Institute of Social Sciences
Seoul, Korea
Dennis O'Brien
Managing Director
petroad
Trophy Club, Texas
Robert Oxnam
Senior Advisor
Bessemer Trust Company, N.A.
New York, New York
Jadish Parikh
Managing Director
Lemuir Group Mumbai, India
Didin Sastrapradja
Member of Parliament &
House of Representatives
Jakarta, Indonesia
Soshitsu Sen XV
Grand Master
Urasenke Tradition of Tea
Kyoto, Japan
Secretary
Patricia W. Buckman
Treasurer
Caroline Ward Oda
Board of Directors
Ilene Aleshire
Summer Banner
Didi Chang
Kenneth Chong
Fumiko Mori Halloran
Corinne Jonsson
Karen Knudsen
Kem Lowry
Inder Mirchandani
Albert Moscotti
Siegfried Ramler
Chhany Sak-Humphry
Mark Segami
Kevin R. Shaney
A.A. (Bud) Smyser
Sarah K. Vann
Susan F. Yim
Jaida n'ha Sandra, Student Representative
Jeannette Brown-Lesko, Administrative Assistant
Chair
Anton Hilman
Lembaga Pendidikan dan Pembinaan Manajemen (LPPM)
Department of Business Communication
Jakarta, Indonesia
President
Amefil R. (Amy) Agbayani
Director of Student Equity Excellence & Diversity
Office of the Vice President for Student Affairs
University of Hawai'i at Manoa
Honolulu, Hawaii
Chair Elect
The Honorable Senen C. Bacani
President
T'Boli Agro-Industrial Development, Inc.
Pasig, Philippines
Vice President for Development (Asia/Pacific)
Kiyoshi Yamazato
Professor
Meio University
Department of Tourism
Okinawa, Japan
Vice President for Development (United States)
John N. Hawkins
Dean
International Studies and Overseas Program
University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA)
Los Angeles, California
Vice President for Programs
Hyacinth Gaudart
Professor
Faculty of Education
University of Malaya
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Secretary/Treasurer
The Honorable Galen Fox
State Representative
House of Representatives
Hawaii State Legislature
Honolulu, Hawaii
Chair, Committee on Congressional Advocacy
The Honorable Gene Ward
State Representative
Minority Leader
House of Representatives
Hawaii State Legislature
Honolulu, Hawaii
Board Members
Arvinder S. Brara
Managing Director
Mantec Consultants Pvt Ltd.
New Delhi, India
The Honorable Bikenibeu Paeniu
Member of Parliament
Vaiaku, Funafuti, Tuvalu
Christine K. Sutow
Professor of Psychology
Social Science Department
Rio Hondo College
Whittier, California
Puongpun Sananikone
President
Pacific Management Resources, Inc. (PacMar, Inc.)
Honolulu, Hawaii
Ex-Officio Members
Haigo T.H. Shen
Chairman of the Board
Haigo Shen Int'l Engineering Consultants Inc.
Taipei, Taiwan
Vicki L. Shambaugh
Director
Research and Development
Pacific Health Research Institute
Honolulu, Hawaii
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The East-West Center Annual Report is published by the EWC Office of Public Affairs, 1601 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96848-1601. Telephone: 808-944-7111. Fax: 808-944-7376.
Karen Knudsen, Director of Public Affairs. John H. Williams, Public Information Officer.